Isihlukanisi Esihlakaniphile: Incazelo Yekhodi Yesihlukanisi Esiguquliwe

Isihlukanisi singase sidinge ukuguqulwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi: ukususa amabhodlela, ukushintsha izimo zenqubo ngenxa yezinkambu ezivuthiwe, ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe, ukuxhunywa kwemithombo emisha engaphansi kolwandle, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesihlukanisi sokuqala, njll. Umklami wesihlukanisi ngokuvamile ekuqaleni ugxila enqubeni isici sokuguqulwa. Ngokuyinhloko, kuwukuqala i-computational fluid dynamics (CFD), inqume ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zangaphakathi ezidinga ukushintshwa, futhi kancane kancane uxazulule inkinga yokuthi zonke lezi zingxenye ezintsha zingena kanjani esitsheni esikhona. Kodwa-ke, emikhunjini eklanywe ngokuvumelana ne-ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) futhi ibhaliswe neKomidi Likazwelonke Lokuhlola I-Boiler and Pressure Vessel, usemkhulu umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe.
Okuvame ukusala kuze kube kamuva ukuphawula ngomthelela wokuguqulwa kwakho ekubhalisweni komkhumbi. Idizayini yokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwemikhumbi yomfutho ingaphansi kwe-ASME BPVC Isigaba VIII, kuyilapho ukuguqulwa komkhumbi kungaphansi kokugcinwa nokulungiswa kweKhodi Yokuhlola Ikomidi Likazwelonke (NBIC) NB-23.
Ezimweni eziningi, izisekelo ezikhona kanye nama-nozzles zingasetshenziswa ukubuyisela ingaphakathi lokuhlukanisa. Kwezinye izimo, i-welding ethile iyadingeka kugobolondo lesiqukathi noma ku-nozzle entsha.
Lesi sihloko sigxile kwezinye zekhodi nezinkinga zokubhalisa onjiniyela be-Savvy Separator abahlangabezana nazo lapho belungisa imikhumbi enezingxenye zangaphakathi, kunokuba kube umkhuba wobunjiniyela. Onjiniyela abaqeqeshiwe nabanolwazi kufanele bahlale bebambe iqhaza emsebenzini.
Ingxoxo ikhawulelwe ezinguqukweni ezenziwe kumkhumbi wokuhlukanisa ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa noma ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwenqubo yesihlukanisi. Lokhu kungase kusho ukulungisa kabusha isakhiwo sangaphakathi, ukushintsha indawo yokungena noma okokusebenza kokususa inkungu, ukungeza iziphazamiso ukuze ushintshe iphethini yokugeleza kwangaphakathi, noma ngisho nokwengeza kanye/noma ukukhipha imibhobho nezinhlobo ezifanayo zezinguquko. I-NBIC isebenzisa ulimi oluthile, ngakho-ke amagama angase adideke kancane. Ngamafuphi, i-NB-23 ibizwa ngokuthi “isondlo”, okubhekisela ezinguqukweni ezibuyisela umkhumbi esimweni sokusebenza esiphephile nesanelisayo ngaphandle kokuchezuka ekwakhiweni kwemishini kwasekuqaleni. I-NB-23 ithi “izinguquko” ziyizinguquko kunoma yikuphi okuqukethwe okusohlwini lombiko wedatha wangempela womkhumbi.
I-Separation Technology Isigaba Sobuchwepheshe sizobamba iseshini ekhethekile "Ukuhlukaniswa Kobuhlanya-Ukuklama Indlela Okufanele Njalo Sihlangabezane Nezidingo Zesikhathi Esizayo" e-SPE ATCE e-San Antonio ngo-Okthoba 10. Ukujoyina ama-Savvy Separators, baxoxa ngamakhemikhali, ukulungiswa kokugeleza, izigaba zokusebenza ze- sonke isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nezinguquko zoketshezi lokukhiqiza ezithinta ukusebenza kwezitshalo. Maka ikhalenda lakho noma bhalisa lapha.
Njengoba ukuguqulwa kwesihlukanisi kuyinguquko kubuchwepheshe be-separator, kuhloswe ukubuyisela isihlukanisi esimweni sokusebenza esanelisayo, ngakho-ke ngisho noma kungekho monakalo esitsheni, zivame ukubhekwa njengomsebenzi wokulungisa ekubukeni kwe-NBIC . Iyalungiswa. Kuphela lapho umklamo womshini womkhumbi uthinteka, izinguquko ezenziwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa zibhekwa njengezinguquko.
Izibonelo zokulungisa zichazwe kabanzi ku-NB-23 Ingxenye 3 Isigaba 3. 3.3.3. Ezinye zalezi zibonelo zingabhekwa njengengxenye yokuguqulwa kwesihlukanisi (njengoba kufakwe ohlwini kukhodi):
Izibonelo zezinguquko zichazwe kabanzi eSigabeni 3 seNgxenye 3 ye-NB-23. 3.4.3. Nakuba lezi zimo kungenakwenzeka ukuthi zenzeke ekubuyiseleni kabusha kwesihlukanisi, ezinye izibonelo ezingase zisebenze yilezi:
Abasebenzi abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo ze-NB-23 Ingxenye 3 ziyahlangatshezwa bangabahloli be-NBIC. Lona ngumuntu obambe ilungu leKomidi Likazwelonke lamanje elisemthethweni futhi elinokugunyazwa kwe-“AR”. Ukugunyazwa kwe-“AR” kuvumela ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo ezintsha ngokuvumelana ne-ASME BPVC kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhanda nezinguquko ngokuvumelana ne-NBIC Ingxenye 3. Lokhu ukugunyaza okwengeziwe okuvumela ukuhlolwa kokukhanda nezinguquko. Umehluko phakathi kwemikhumbi yokucindezela uhlukanisa umhloli okudingeka alungise isihlukanisi kumhloli ohlola isakhiwo esisha kuphela. Kuso sonke isiqephu sendatshana, igama elithi “umhloli” lisho umhloli ogunyazwe yi-NBIC ngemvume ye-AR.
Uma usebenzisana ne-separator retrofits, izinguquko ngokuvamile ezenziwa kuzihlukanisi ziwela ezigabeni ezine eziyisisekelo.
Isigaba 1 siwushintsho oluncane oludlula izimfuneko ze-NBIC. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinguquko ezinjalo ngeke zithinte ukubhaliswa kwemikhumbi futhi azikho ngaphansi kwezimfuneko ze-NB-23. Lezi zinguquko akufanele zishise noma yiziphi izingxenye zokubamba ingcindezi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izingxenye zangaphakathi ezishiselwe noma eziboshiwe kumalugi/amasongo angaphakathi asekelayo, izingxenye zangaphakathi ezifakwe kusetshenziswa amabhande okunweba, nokulungiswa okufanayo okungadingi ukushiselwa kunoma yiziphi izingxenye ezibamba ukucindezela. Okulandelayo kufanele kuqashelwe lapho kushiselwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye izindinganiso ezisebenzayo kanye nokucaciswa kwabanikazi abaningi nakho kukhawulela ibanga phakathi kwe-weld kanye nengxenye yokubamba ingcindezi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukugcina ingxenye ebambe ingcindezi ngaphandle kwendawo ethintekile yokushisa ye-weld. Lapho usebenzelana nezinguquko zoHlobo loku-1, kusatuswa ukuthi udale uhlelo loshintsho, udale uhlelo lokuhlola nokuhlola (ITP), wenze ukuhlola kwangaphambili nangemuva, futhi urekhode imininingwane yoshintsho. Kulezi zinhlobo zezinguquko, umhloli akadingeki, futhi umkhumbi awudingi ukugcwalisa isitembu sika-R noma ifomu le-R-1.
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa umdwebo wohlelo olula wezinsiza ezifanele lesi sigaba, futhi Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa isithombe sesihlukanisi esisebenzisa izisekelo ezikhona ezisikiwe futhi ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa izingxenye zangaphakathi ezihlukene. Umfanekiso wesi-3 ubonisa ukuthi izisekelo ezikhona zingasetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi, hhayi nje ngaphakathi kwesihlukanisi.
Isigaba 2 siwushintsho oluncane olungokwezidingo ze-NBIC. Izinguquko ezincane zisho ukuthi lezi zinguquko zingabhekwa “njengokunakekela okujwayelekile” ngokuvumelana ne-NB-23 Ingxenye 3, Isigaba 3. 3.3.2. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinguquko ekushiseleni kwezingxenye ezibamba ukucindezela, kodwa kufanele kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko ezisebenzayo ze-NB-23.
Ingxenye esetshenziswa kakhulu esigabeni 3.3.2 yokulungiswa kwesihlukanisi isigaba se-e-2: “Engeza noma lungisa izisekeli ezingathwali umthwalo ezingxenyeni ezibamba ukucindezela ezingadingi ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushiselwa.” Inzuzo eyinhloko yalolu hlobo loshintsho ukuthi luqeda isidingo sokugxivizwa okwengeziwe kanye/noma ukuhlolwa kwesiqukathi [NB-23, Ingxenye 3, Isigaba 2. [5.7.2b], njengoba kunqunywe umhloli kanye nomhloli onekhono. . Nakuba kusacatshangelwa ukulungiswa yi-NBIC, ukugxiviza nokunye ukuhlola kungayekwa, kube lula kakhulu inqubo yoshintsho. Imibiko yedatha ye-R-1 kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDE) okudingekayo ngokucaciswa kwedizayini noma abahloli kuyadingeka. Kungumkhuba omuhle futhi ukwenza uhlelo lokuvuselela, ukwakha i-ITP nokuqopha imininingwane yokulungiswa.
Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa isithombe sempahla yokungena endaweni yokusebenzela, efakwe kancane esitsheni. Isivunguvungu sokungena siboshelwa ku-flange yepuleti elingaphakathi, elixhunywe kumkhono futhi lishiselwe emlonyeni wokungena womkhumbi. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-protrusions angaphakathi ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokuqiniswa kwe-nozzle, kodwa ubukhulu kanye nendlela yokushisela ivumela umhloli ukuba alahle ukuhlolwa kwe-re-hydraulic yesitsha. Noma, uma ezinye izindlela zokushisela zidingeka, umhloli angase angakuyeki ukuhlolwa kwe-re-hydraulic. Endabeni yama-nozzles ane-protrusions yangaphakathi, noma yikuphi ukuvela okweqile (okungukuthi, ama-protrusions amakhulu kunalawo adingekayo ukuze kuqiniswe umlomo wombhobho) angabhekwa njengezingxenye ezingeyona ingcindezi. Kodwa-ke, umhloli kufanele axhumane naye ngaphambi kokushiselwa ekuphumeni ngokweqile kwangaphakathi kwe-nozzle. Amakhiwane. U-5 no-6 yizithombe zamabakaki amancane afanayo afakiwe. Laba babakaki bangagwema ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kabusha kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kabusha kwe-welding (PWHT).
Isigaba sesithathu ukuphindaphinda kwamanani entengo. Lezi izinguquko ezingezona ezemvelo ezimweni zokuklama umkhumbi, njengokucindezela kokuklama, izinga lokushisa lomklamo, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa elincane lensimbi lokuklama, isibonelelo sokugqwala noma umthwalo wangaphandle. Ukuhlola kabusha kungenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinye izinguquko, kodwa i-NBIC izoyithatha njengoshintsho futhi ayihlanganise lutho nezinye izinguquko emkhunjini. Ukubeka kabusha intengo kudinga ukubalwa kwekhodi entsha, amapuleti egama amasha kanye nemibiko yedatha ye-R-2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngezimo ezintsha zokuklama, kungase kudingeke ukuhlola kabusha isitsha nge-hydrostatic.
Isigaba sesi-4 siwushintsho oluyinhloko lomzimba, noma ngokuyisisekelo noma yiluphi ushintsho olungangeni esigabeni 1 noma sesi-2. Lezi zinguquko zihlanganisa ukungezwa kwemibhobho emikhulu, izigaba eziphambanayo zezindlu, izinsiza ezithwala umthwalo nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezidinga ukushiselwa okukhulu. Lokhu kungase kube ukulungiswa noma izinguquko, kuye ngohlobo loshintsho. Abafaneleki ukuyeka ukushaywa okwengeziwe noma ukuhlola. Imibiko yedatha ye-R-1 noma ye-R-2 iyadingeka, kanye nezinhlelo zokuvuselela, i-ITP, izingcwecwe zegama ezimakwe ngo-R, futhi zingadinga ukubalwa kwekhodi entsha nama-NDE adingwa ikhodi yokuklama nesihloli.
Ithebula 1 libonisa izimfuneko zesigaba ngasinye sokuguqulwa okubalwe ngenhla. Lapho kufaneleka, sicela ubhekisele esigabeni se-NB-23 se-NBIC.
Isifinyezo: Umhloli-mhloli; CH umnikazi wesitifiketi; umhloli wezobulungiswa we-JA; I-NP nameplate; Umnikazi/umsebenzisi we-OU
Ukuze usebenzise inguqulo yakamuva yemininingwane yedizayini, sicela uthobele izinhlinzeko ze-NB-23 Ingxenye 3 Isigaba 2. 3.4.2 Kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo. Lokhu kubandakanya:
Indawo yoguquko ingesinye isici okufanele sinqunywe. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka ukuthulula umkhumbi futhi uwubuyisele esitolo ukuze ulungiswe. Ishabhu inikeza indawo elula yokwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo esitsheni lapho kudingeka, wenze yonke i-NDE edingekayo, ugcwalise kabusha isiqukathi kanye/noma uphinde ufake i-PWHT. Ikhono lokuphatha nokuqondisa umkhumbi kalula liqeda izinselele eziningi ezibhekene nokuguqulwa kwesayithi. Uma ungakwazi ukuthumela isihlukanisi emuva esitolo ukuze silungiswe, uzizwa unenhlanhla. Ungase futhi ufune ukuma futhi uthathe ithikithi lelotho lapho usendleleni egodukayo uphuma emsebenzini, ngoba lolu usuku lwakho lwenhlanhla!
Uma uphoqeleka ukuthi wenze izinguquko esizeni, izinto ziba nzima kakhulu. Umkhuba okulula ukuwuqedela esitolo cishe akunakwenzeka esizeni. Naka ngokukhethekile ukuphepha lapho wenza umsebenzi esizeni ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izidingo zokuphepha ziyahlangatshezwa. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kanye ne-PWHT kungaba inselele kakhulu kule ndawo. I-athikili 5.2 ye-ASME PCC-2 ichaza izinguquko ngokuvamile ezingadingi ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka; iphinde ichaze ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezithile ze-NDE esikhundleni sokuhlola ukucindezeleka. Ngokufanayo, i-NB-23, Ingxenye 3, Isigaba 16. 4.4.1 Kuxoxwe ngokuhlolwa kwengcindezi nezinye izindlela ze-NDE zemikhumbi yokucindezela.
Nakuba i-NB-23 ivumela abahloli ukuthi bayeke ukuhlola ingcindezi ezintweni ezintsha noma ezithuthukisiwe zokubamba ingcindezi, ngikholwa ukuthi abahloli abaningi bangathanda ukuhlola ingcindezi izingxenye ezithintekile uma kungenzeka. Lokhu kungaba nzima ensimini.
Kodwa-ke, iqiniso elibalulekile elingeke lishaywe indiva elokuthi izingxenye zidinga ukuhlolwa nge-hydrostatically, okungasho ukuthi isiqukathi sonke sidinga ukuhlolwa kabusha. Isibonelo, uma i-nozzle entsha yengezwa esitsheni, i-nozzle kuphela kanye ne-welding seam ye-nozzle egobolondweni okudingeka ihlolwe. Kungase kube nendlela elula yokufeza lokhu. Uma ukucaciswa kwedizayini kuvuma, umlomo wombhobho (ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganisa) ungafakwa njengohlobo “lokufaka” umlomo wombhobho. Umbhobho ocijile noma u-boss empeleni uwumbobo ohlanganiswe ngaphandle kwendlu futhi ushiselwe endaweni. Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, kungenzeka ukufaka nokuhlola ngaphambi kokusika imbobo endlini. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezindlu ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe umlomo wombhobho wokufaka. Ukuze uthole ama-nozzles amakhulu, kungenzeka ukumboza i-nozzle ngekhanda lesikhashana, okuvumela ukuhlola ukushiselwa kwe-nozzle endlini ngaphandle kokuhlola sonke isitsha (Umfanekiso 7). Kunjalo, uma kudingeka, zombili izindlela kumele zigunyazwe umhloli kanye nomhloli wezomthetho. Ngemuva kokuhlola i-nozzle, nquma imbobo noma ususe ikhanda lesikhashana, uhlanze indawo, futhi wenze yonke i-NDE edingekayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izindlu azithinteki.
Ngokufanayo, uma uphoqeleka ukuthi ushisele esitsheni esine-PWHT, uzobhekana nezinye izinselelo. I-PWHT yesiqukathi ingaba nzima kakhulu esizeni. Kuvame ukuzuzisa ukuthola ozongena esikhundleni se-PWHT ephelele lapho kudingeka ekulungisweni kwenkundla. NB-23, Ingxenye 3, Ingxenye. 2.5.3 kanye ne-ASME PCC-2 I-athikili 2.9 zombili ziphakamisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukushisa kwangemva kokushiswa kwemikhumbi eshintshiwe. Lezi zindlela zihlanganisa izindlela zokushisela ezithile ezingashisela isiqukathi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umjikelezo wokuqala we-PWHT. Ukwengeza, lapho indlela yokushisela ekhethekile ingamukeleki, i-PWHT eyingxenye ingenziwa. Uma kunesidingo, konke lokhu kuncike ekugunyazweni komhloli kanye nomhloli wezomthetho.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic nokwelashwa kokushisa ngokuvamile akwenzeki kulo mkhakha, futhi kwezinye izimo kungase kulimaze isiqukathi, amapayipi ahlobene noma izisekelo kanye nezakhiwo ezizungezile. Kulezi zicelo, uMhloli kufanele avunyelwe ukuthi aqondise uguquko ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka esigabeni sokuhlela.
Enye indawo engase ivele ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwesihlukanisi ukuguqulwa kwamapayipi okungena noma okukhipha isihlukanisi. Kwesinye isikhathi amapayipi adinga ukushintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imigomo yokusebenza yesihlukanisi iyafinyelelwa. Izinguquko zepayipi zidlula izimfuneko ze-NBIC. Nokho, lezi zinguquko kufanele okungenani zihlangabezane nezidingo zenguqulo yekhodi yokwakha eyakhiwe izingxenye zangempela. [Bheka ku-NB-23, Ingxenye 3, Isigaba. 1.2.6].
Nakuba ingekho phakathi kobubanzi balesi sihloko, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba i-NB-23 ingasebenzi ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, amanye amakhodi angase asebenze, njenge-API 570 noma amanye amakhodi afanayo. Onjiniyela kufanele futhi bacabangele ngokucophelela izinguquko zokusebenzisa amapayipi nezinsimbi zomkhumbi, njengoba lezi zinguquko zangaphandle zingase zithinte ukulayishwa kombhobho womkhumbi. Umthelela wezinguquko kumthamo wombhobho ekwakhiweni kwemishini yesiqukathi kufanele uhlolwe.
Umhloli ufaka cishe zonke izinhlobo zokuguqulwa kwesihlukanisi. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi yini engenziwa nengeke yenziwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kuchazwa ukuthi yini engasetshenziswa njengendlela yokulungisa okuvamile, ukugxiviza nokuhlola kungagwenywa, lapho i-NDE ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokunisela kabusha, futhi kunini lapho ezinye izindlela zokushisela zingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokunisela kabusha. I-PWHT, njll. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubandakanya abahloli ezigabeni zokuqala zokulungiswa okuningi.
Kwezinye izimo, abahloli bezomthetho badinga ukuguqulwa. E-Texas, ayikho eminye imithetho yomthetho esebenzayo lapho ufaka izihlukanisi, kodwa akunjalo yonke indawo. Ngokungeziwe kumakhodi edizayini asebenzayo kanye nezidingo ze-NBIC, izifundazwe ezithile e-United States nezifundazwe zaseCanada zinezinye izidingo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso nakwezinye izindawo zamazwe ngamazwe. Kulezo zimo, ukubandakanyeka kwabahloli bezomthetho kuyodingeka.
Ekufakweni kwe-offshore, isimo singase sidideke kancane. Uma isihlukanisi sitholakala emanzini esifunda (ngokuvamile sinweba amamayela angu-3 we-nautical ukusuka ezingeni eliphansi lamanzi ogwini, kodwa e-Texas nasentshonalanga yeFlorida, ibanga yizinyunyana zasolwandle ezingu-3 noma amamayela angu-8.7 we-nautical), khona-ke umbuso unegunya. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye sezifundazwe eziningi e-United States (i-California ihlukile), isifunda singaphansi kokuhlolwa nokuphoqelelwa yizinhlangano ezilawulayo zikahulumeni. Emanzini ezindawo zase-US (amamayela angu-12 e-nautical ukusuka kuphawu lwamanzi aphansi), umthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlola nokuphoqelela ukuthotshelwa kwawo usemahlombe eziphathimandla zombuso wase-US. Ngaphandle komngcele wesifunda, kodwa ngaphakathi kwe-Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (esuka emngceleni wesifunda iye kumamayela olwandle angama-200 ngaphezu kophawu lwamanzi aphansi), umthwalo wemfanelo usemazweni/isifunda esivumela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhungo. Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ezengamele imikhumbi yengcindezi ezinkundleni ezingasogwini kubonakala sengathi i-US Agency for Security and Environmental Enforcement, kanti i-US Coast Guard ingase ibe namandla kwezinye izimo.
Umbono ovamile ekusebenzelaneni nophiko lwezobulungiswa ukuthi abanikazi bezitifiketi nabahloli bangeluleka ngezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe kanye nabasebenzi abahililekile kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi okulungisa izihlukanisi.
Abanye abanikazi/abasebenzisi nabo benze ezinye izicelo. Nakuba ezicelweni eziningi, lokhu kuhlanganiswa nemithetho yenkampani, kunezinye izimfuneko okudingeka zihlangatshezwe lapho uhulumeni wase-US engumnikazi, njengokuthi 10 CFR 851, Uhlelo Lokuphepha Nezempilo Kwabasebenzi, Ingxenye 851 Isithasiselo A Sesigaba 4. . Ngokunjalo, uma kusebenza, abanikazi bezitifiketi bangase bazazi lezi zidingo.
Ukuphepha kuwukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwayo yonke imisebenzi, ikakhulukazi ukuguqulwa kwezihlukanisi. Isihlukanisi esisetshenziswayo singagcwaliswa ngezinsalela zenqubo. Kulokhu, akudingekile kuphela ukuhambisana nemithetho yezokuphepha yesayithi, okuhlanganisa zonke izinto ezifanele zokuzivikela zomuntu siqu kanye nemithethonqubo yokusebenza, kodwa futhi nokuhlanza umkhumbi ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokuguqula. Enye into okufanele icatshangelwe ukulahla ngokuphepha nangokufanele udoti kanye nemfucuza ehlukaniswe nomshini ovuselelwe.
Umfanekiso wesi-8 uyisibonelo sesihlukanisi esivamile ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi yokubuyisela. Uma i-welding idingeka, akuzona kuphela ukuhlukaniswa okudingeka kuhlanzwe ukuze kunikeze indawo ephephile yabasebenzi, kodwa futhi indawo engaphezulu idinga ukuhlanzwa ukuze i-welding.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ulinganisela isikhathi sephrojekthi yokuvuselela, eminye imisebenzi yesibili ingashaywa indiva. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza ama-partitions ngaphambi komsebenzi; misa ama-scaffolds ngaphakathi komkhumbi; isikhathi esomile / sokuphulukisa sopende wangaphakathi; susa i-scaffolding; hlanza ama-partitions ngemva kokuqeda umsebenzi. Lapho udala ishejuli yephrojekthi, le misebenzi neminye imisebenzi efanayo ngokuvamile ayinakwa, okuholela ekubambezelekeni okungalindelekile nokubizayo. Ngamafuphi, indlela elula yokusebenzisa uhlelo lokubuyisela ngezinkinga ezincane noma ezingenazo nhlobo ukuhlela kahle, ukumema abanikazi bezitifiketi ukuthi babambe iqhaza futhi bahlole kusenesikhathi inqubo, futhi ngokuhlanganyela bakhe uhlelo lokufeza umgomo wenqubo onomthelela omncane kakhulu emkhunjini. ukubhaliswa.
Uguquko. Izinguquko ezintweni ezichazwe embikweni wedatha yomkhiqizi wangempela zizothinta ukubekezelela ingcindezi kwento yokugcinwa kwengcindezi. (Bheka ku-NB-23 Ingxenye 3, Isigaba 3.4.3, shintsha isibonelo) Izinguquko ezingezona ezingokwenyama, njengokwenyuka kwengcindezi ephezulu evumelekile yokusebenza (yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle), ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomklamo noma ukwehla kokucindezela okuncane kwezinto zokugcina izinga lokushisa okufanele kubhekwe njengoshintsho.
b) Ibhizinisi eliqashelwa i-ejensi yokuhlola egunyaziwe ukuthi lenze imisebenzi yokuhlola yasemsebenzini egunyazwe umhlangano weKomidi Likazwelonke le-NB-369; I-NB-371, isitifiketi senhlangano yokuhlola umnikazi-umsebenzisi (OUIO); noma i-NB-390, ibhizinisi elenza imisebenzi yokuhlola ngaphakathi kwesevisi Iziqu nezibopho ze-Federal Inspection Agency (FIA).
Umnikazi wesitifiketi. Inhlangano enesitifiketi sokugunyazwa esithi “R” esisemthethweni esikhishwe yiKomidi Likazwelonke.
inkambu. Indawo yesikhashana ngaphansi kolawulo lomphathi wesitifiketi, esetshenziselwa ukulungisa kanye/noma ukushintsha izinto ezibamba ingcindezi, futhi ikheli layo lihlukile ekhelini eliboniswe esitifiketini sokugunyazwa somnikazi wesitifiketi.
ukuhlolwa. Inqubo yokubuyekeza yokuqinisekisa ukuthi idizayini yobunjiniyela, izinto zokwakha, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlolwa kanye nezidingo zokuhlola kuyahlangatshezwana nazo futhi kuhambisana nokucaciswayo.
igunya. Ibhizinisi likahulumeni elinamandla okuhumusha nokuphoqelela imithetho, izimiso noma iziqondiso ezihlobene namabhayela, imikhumbi yokucindezela, noma ezinye izindatshana ezigcina ingcindezi. Kuhlanganisa iziphathimandla zamalungu ekomiti likazwelonke ezichazwa ngokuthi “indawo yokuphatha.”
Ijaji. ILungu LeKomidi Likazwelonke njengoba kuchazwe uMthethosisekelo weKomidi Likazwelonke.
Umhloli wezobulungiswa. Abahloli abagunyazwe abomthetho ukuze baqinisekise ukuthobelana nezidingo zazo zonke izindawo.
I-Nameplate. Ipuleti lokuhlonza lifakwe esitsheni. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise amapuleti egama edizayini yoqobo, ukulungiswa, okukalwe kabusha noma okuguquliwe "R" amagamaplate.
I-NBIC. Imithetho yokuhlola yeKomidi Likazwelonke ekhishwe yiKomidi Likazwelonke Labahloli Boiler kanye Nengcindezi Yemikhumbi.
Umnikazi/umsebenzisi. Izinhlamvu ezincane zibhekisela kunoma yimuphi umuntu, inkampani noma umuntu osemthethweni onesibopho esisemthethweni sokusebenza ngokuphephile kwanoma iyiphi i-athikili ebamba ingcindezi.
ukulungisa. Umsebenzi odingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe i-athikili ebamba ingcindezi ibe sesimweni sokusebenza esiphephile nesanelisayo.
isitolo. Indawo ehlala njalo, okungukuthi, ikheli eliboniswe kusitifiketi sokugunyazwa, lapho umnikazi wesitifiketi angakwazi ukulawula ukulungiswa kanye/noma ukuguqulwa kwama-athikili abamba ingcindezi.
Umbhali uthanda ukubonga uRuss Scinta, unjiniyela omkhulu weSchultz Process Services, kanye noKeith Gilmore, umhloli ogunyaziwe we-TÜVRheinland, ngosizo lwabo olubalulekile kulesi sihloko.
Sibonga izikhulu zamanje nezesikhathi esidlule kanye nabaqondisi BeSeparation Technology Section ngeminikelo yabo. Uhlu lwamalungu amanje lungatholakala lapha.
U-Jay Stell uyiPhini Likamongameli Wezobunjiniyela e-Schultz Process Services, Inc. (SPS). Uneziqu ze-bachelor kanye ne-masters kwezobunjiniyela bemishini azithola eNyuvesi yaseTexas e-Arlington, kanye ne-PhD kubunjiniyela bemishini ayithola eNyuvesi yasePurdue. UStell ubesembonini yokuhlukanisa kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, e-Burgess-Manning, Peerless Mfg. Co. kanye ne-SPS banesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kuka-25. Iningi lomsebenzi wakhe usetshenziselwe ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukwakheka kwezihlukanisi, ilabhorethri nokuhlolwa kwenkundla, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ungaxhumana naye ku-jay@spshouston.com.
"I-Petroleum Technology Magazine" ingumagazini ohamba phambili weNhlangano Yezonjiniyela Bezokwakha. Yethula izifinyezo ezigunyaziwe nezihloko ezihlobene nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe ekuhloleni nasekukhiqizeni, izindaba zemboni kawoyela negesi, kanye nezindaba ze-SPE namalungu ayo.

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