Isahluli esiSmart: Ikhowudi intsingiselo yeSahluli esiGuquliweyo

Umahluli unokufuna ukuguqulwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: i-de-bottlenecks, ukutshintsha iimeko zenkqubo ngenxa yemimandla ekhulileyo, ukunyuka kwemveliso, ukudibanisa kwamaqula amatsha angaphantsi kolwandle, ukusebenza kakubi kwesahluli sokuqala, njl njl. inkalo yohlengahlengiso. Ngokusisiseko, kukuqalisa i-computational fluid dynamics (CFD), ukumisela ukuba zeziphi iinxalenye zangaphakathi ekufuneka zitshintshwe, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukusombulula ingxaki yendlela onke la macandelo amatsha angena ngayo kwisikhongozeli esikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiinqanawa eziyilwe ngokuhambelana ne-ASME Boiler kunye neKhowudi yeVessel Pressure (BPVC) kwaye ibhaliswe neKomiti yeSizwe yoHlolo lweBhola kunye noxinzelelo lweMikhumbi, usemninzi umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe.
Into ehlala ishiywe de kube kamva ngamagqabantshintshi ngefuthe lohlengahlengiso lwakho kubhaliso lwenqanawa. Uyilo lwangaphambili, ukuveliswa kunye nokuhlolwa kweenqanawa zoxinzelelo zixhomekeke kwi-ASME BPVC Icandelo le-VIII, ngelixa ukuguqulwa kwenqanawa kuxhomekeke ekugcinweni nasekuguqulweni kweKhowudi yoHlolo lweKomiti yeSizwe (NBIC) NB-23.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, izixhaso ezikhoyo kunye nemilomo ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela kwakhona abangaphakathi bokwahlula. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuwelda kuyafuneka kwiqokobhe lesikhongozeli okanye umbhobho omtsha.
Eli nqaku ligxininise kwezinye zekhowudi kunye nemiba yokubhalisa edibana neenjineli ze-Savvy Separator xa ziguqula iinqanawa ezineengxenye zangaphakathi, kunokuba zibe yinto yobunjineli. Iinjineli eziqeqeshiweyo nezinamava kufuneka zisoloko zibandakanyeka emsebenzini.
Ingxoxo inqunyelwe kwiinguqu ezenziwe kwisitya somhluli ojoliswe ekuphuculeni okanye ukubuyisela inkqubo yokusebenza komhlukanisi. Oku kunokuthetha ukuhlengahlengiswa kolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi, ukutshintsha indawo yokungena okanye isixhobo sokugrumba, ukongeza ii-baffles ukutshintsha ipateni yokuhamba kwangaphakathi, okanye ukongeza kunye/okanye ukususa imilomo kunye neendidi ezifanayo zotshintsho. I-NBIC isebenzisa ulwimi oluthile, ngoko ke isigama sinokubhida. Ngamafutshane, i-NB-23 ibizwa ngokuba "ukugcinwa", okubhekiselele kwiinguqu ezibuyisela inqanawa kwindawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo neyanelisayo ngaphandle kokuphambuka kuyilo lwangaphambili lomatshini. I-NB-23 ithi "utshintsho" lutshintsho kuwo nawuphi na umxholo odweliswe kwingxelo yedatha yenqanawa.
ICandelo leTekhnoloji yoLwahlulo lweTekhnoloji liza kubamba iseshoni ekhethekileyo "Ukwahlulwa kwe-Insanity-Ukuyila indlela esihlala sihlangabezana ngayo neemfuno zexesha elizayo" kwi-SPE ATCE eSan Antonio ngo-Oktobha 10. Ukujoyina i-Savvy Separators, baxubusha iikhemikhali, uhlengahlengiso lokuhamba, iindawo zokusebenza ze ubomi bonke, kunye notshintsho lwemveliso yolwelo oluchaphazela ukusebenza kwezityalo. Phawula ikhalenda yakho okanye ubhalise apha.
Ekubeni ukuguqulwa kwe-separator yinguqu kwi-teknoloji ye-separator, kuhloswe ukubuyisela i-separator kwimeko yokusebenza eyanelisayo, ngoko ke nangona kungekho monakalo kwisitya, zihlala zithathwa njengomsebenzi wokulungisa kwimbono ye-NBIC . Iyahlaziywa. Kuphela xa uyilo lomatshini lomkhumbi luchaphazelekayo, utshintsho olwenziwe ngexesha lokulungiswa lubhekwa njengotshintsho.
Imizekelo yokulungisa icacisiwe kwi-NB-23 iCandelo lesi-3 iCandelo 3. 3.3.3. Eminye yale mizekelo inokuqwalaselwa njengenxalenye yenguqu yesahluli (njengoko kudweliswe kwikhowudi):
Imizekelo yotshintsho icacisiwe kwiCandelo lesi-3 leSigaba 3 se-NB-23. 3.4.3. Nangona ezi meko akunakwenzeka ukuba zenzeke kwi-separator retrofits, eminye imizekelo enokusebenza yile:
Abasebenzi abanoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno ze-NB-23 iCandelo 3 ziyafezekiswa ngabahloli be-NBIC. Lo ngumntu obambe ilungu leKomiti yeSizwe ekhoyo ngoku esebenzayo kwaye onoqinisekiso lwe-“AR”. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-"AR" kuvumela ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha ngokuhambelana ne-ASME BPVC kunye nokuhlolwa kokulungiswa kunye notshintsho ngokuhambelana neNBIC ICandelo 3. Oku kukuqinisekiswa okongeziweyo okuvumela ukuhlolwa kokulungiswa kunye nokutshintsha. Umahluko phakathi kweenqanawa zoxinzelelo zihlula umhloli ofuna ukuguqula isahluli kumhloli ohlola kuphela isakhiwo esitsha. Kulo lonke inqaku, igama elithi "umhloli" libhekisela kumhloli ogunyaziswe yi-NBIC ngokuvunywa kwe-AR.
Xa ujongene ne-retrofits ye-separator, utshintsho oluqhelekileyo olwenziwe kwi-separators luwela kwiindidi ezine ezisisiseko.
Udidi 1 lutshintsho oluncinci oludlula iimfuno ze-NBIC. Oku kuthetha ukuba olo tshintsho aluyi kuchaphazela ukubhaliswa kweenqanawa kwaye azikho phantsi kweemfuno ze-NB-23. Olu tshintsho aluyiku-weld nawaphi na amalungu abambe uxinzelelo. Oku kubandakanya izinto zangaphakathi ezidityanisiweyo okanye ezibotshelelweyo kwiilugi/amakhonkco angaphakathi akhoyo akhoyo, amacandelo angaphakathi afakwe kusetyenziswa imitya yokwandisa, kunye nohlengahlengiso olufanayo olungadingi ukuwelda kuzo naziphi na izinto zokubamba uxinzelelo. Oku kulandelayo kufuneka kuqatshelwe xa i-welding: Ngamanye amaxesha, eminye imigangatho esebenzayo kunye neenkcukacha ezininzi zomnini nazo zinciphisa umgama phakathi kwe-weld kunye noxinzelelo lokubamba inxalenye. Oku kwenziwa ukugcina uxinzelelo olubambe inxalenye ngaphandle kwendawo echaphazelekayo yobushushu be-weld. Xa ujongene neenguqu ze-Type 1, kusacetyiswa ukuba wenze isicwangciso sokuguqulwa, ukudala isicwangciso sokuhlola kunye nokuvavanya (ITP), ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kunye nasemva, kwaye urekhode iinkcukacha zenguqu. Kwezi ntlobo zotshintsho, umhloli akafunwa, kwaye inqanawa ayifuni ukuba igcwalise isitampu se-R okanye i-R-1 ifom.
Umzobo we-1 ubonisa umzobo olula weskimu wezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zolu didi, kwaye uMzobo 2 ubonisa ifoto yesahluli esisebenzisa izixhobo ezikhoyo ezixhasayo ezilungisiweyo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi. Umzobo 3 ubonisa ukuba inkxaso ekhoyo ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi, kungekhona nje ngaphakathi kwesahluli.
Udidi 2 lutshintsho olungephi olungokweemfuno ze-NBIC. Utshintsho oluncinci luthetha ukuba olu tshintsho lunokuthi luthathwe "njengokugcinwa kwesiqhelo" ngokuhambelana ne-NB-23 Icandelo 3, iCandelo 3. 3.3.2. Oku kubandakanya utshintsho kwi-welding yamacandelo okubamba uxinzelelo, kodwa kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ezisebenzayo ze-NB-23.
Elona candelo lisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwicandelo 3.3.2 lohlengahlengiso lwesahlukanisi licandelo le-e-2: “Yongeza okanye ulungise izincedisi ezingathwaliyo umthwalo kwiindawo zokubamba uxinzelelo ezingadingi unyango olushushu lwasemva kweweld.” Inzuzo ephambili yolu hlobo lwenguqu kukuba isusa imfuno yokongeza isitampu kunye/okanye uvavanyo lwesikhongozeli [NB-23, Icandelo 3, iCandelo 2. [5.7.2b], njengoko kumiselwe ngumhloli kunye nomhloli onobuchule. . Nangona kusaqwalaselwa ukulungiswa yi-NBIC, isitampu kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zinokurhoxiswa, zilula kakhulu inkqubo yenguqu. Iingxelo zedatha ye-R-1 kunye naluphi na uhlolo olungonakalisi (NDE) olufunwa yinkcazo yoyilo okanye abahloli bayafuneka. Kwakhona ngumkhwa omhle wokudala isicwangciso sokulungiswa, ukudala i-ITP kunye nokurekhoda iinkcukacha zokulungiswa.
Umzobo we-4 ubonisa ifoto yesixhobo sokungena senkanyamba yeworkshop, efakwe ngokuyinxenye kwisikhongozeli. I-cyclone ye-inlet ifakwe kwi-flange yeplate yangaphakathi, edityaniswe kwi-sleeve kwaye ifakwe kwi-nozzle ye-inlet yomkhumbi. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-protrusions yangaphakathi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuqiniswa kwe-nozzle, kodwa ubukhulu kunye nendlela ye-welding ivumela umhloli ukuba ayeke ukuvavanywa kwakhona kwe-hydraulic ye-container. Okanye, ukuba ezinye iindlela ze-welding ziyafuneka, umhloli akanako ukuyeka ukuvavanywa kwakhona kwe-hydraulic. Kwimeko ye-nozzles ene-protrusions yangaphakathi, nayiphi na i-protrusions engaphezulu (okt, i-protrusions enkulu kunezo zifunekayo ekuqinisweni kwe-nozzle) inokuthathwa njengeendawo ezingenakubamba uxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, umhloli kufuneka adityaniswe ngaphambi kokuba udityaniswe kwiiprotrusions zangaphakathi ezigqithisiweyo zomlomo. Amakhiwane. I-5 kunye ne-6 ziifoto zeebrakethi ezincinci ezifanayo ezifakiwe. Ezi zibiyeli zinokunqanda ukuvavanywa kwakhona koxinzelelo kunye nonyango lwe-welding heat heat (PWHT).
Udidi lwesithathu kukubuyisela amaxabiso. Olu lutshintsho olungelulo olwasemzimbeni kwiimeko zokuyilwa kweenqanawa, njengoxinzelelo loyilo, ubushushu boyilo, kubandakanywa ubuncinci bobushushu besinyithi, isibonelelo sokutya okanye umthwalo wangaphandle. Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kunokwenziwa ngokubambisana nolunye utshintsho, kodwa i-NBIC iya kuyiphatha njengotshintsho kwaye ayinanto yakwenza nolunye utshintsho kwinqanawa. Ukubuyisela ixabiso kufuna ukubalwa kwekhowudi entsha, iipleyiti zamagama amatsha kunye neengxelo zedatha ye-R-2. Ukongezelela, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezintsha zokuyila, kunokufuneka ukuvavanya kwakhona i-hydrostatically isitya.
Udidi lwe-4 lutshintsho oluphambili lomzimba, okanye ngokusisiseko naluphi na utshintsho olungangeni kwiCandelo 1 okanye 2. Olu tshintsho lubandakanya ukongezwa kwemibhobho emikhulu, iindawo ezinqamlezayo zezindlu, izixhobo ezithwala imithwalo okanye naluphi na utshintsho olufuna i-welding ebanzi. Oku kusenokuba kukulungiswa okanye utshintsho, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho. Abafanelekanga ukuba bayeke ukubethelwa ngenqindi okongezelelweyo okanye uvavanyo. Iingxelo zedatha ye-R-1 okanye i-R-2 ziyafuneka, kunye nezicwangciso zokulungiswa kwakhona, i-ITP, iiplate zamagama eziphawulwe nge-R, kwaye zinokufuna ukubala kwekhowudi entsha kunye nee-NDE ezifunwa yikhowudi yokuyila kunye nomhloli.
Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa iimfuno zodidi ngalunye lohlengahlengiso oludweliswe ngasentla. Apho kufanelekileyo, nceda ubhekisele kwicandelo le-NB-23 le-NBIC.
Ushunqulelo: Umhloli-mhloli; CH umnini wesatifikethi; umhloli wezobulungisa we-JA; iplate yegama yeNP; Umnini/umsebenzisi we-OU
Ukuze usebenzise inguqulelo yamva nje yeenkcukacha zoyilo, nceda uthobele izibonelelo ze-NB-23 iCandelo lesi-3 iCandelo 2. 3.4.2 Makuhlangatyezwane nazo. Ezi ziquka:
Indawo yenguqu yenye into ekufuneka imiselwe. Nangona kunqabile kakhulu, kwezinye iimeko kuyimfuneko ukukhulula inqanawa kwaye uyibuyisele evenkileni ukuze ihlaziywe. Iworkshop ibonelela ngendawo elunge ngakumbi yokwenza utshintsho olufunekayo kwisikhongozeli xa kuyimfuneko, yenza yonke i-NDE eyimfuneko, gcwalisa kwakhona isikhongozeli kunye/okanye uphinde u-PWHT. Ukukwazi ukuphatha ngokulula kunye nokuqhuba inqanawa ngokusisiseko kuphelisa uninzi lwemingeni ejongene nokuguqulwa kwesiza. Ukuba ungathumela isahluli emva kwivenkile ukuze uhlaziywe, uziva unethamsanqa. Ungafuna nokuma uthathe itikiti lelotho xa ugoduka uphuma emsebenzini, kuba olu lusuku lwakho lwethamsanqa!
Xa unyanzelekile ukuba wenze utshintsho kwisiza, izinto ziba nzima ngakumbi. Ukuziqhelanisa ekulula ukugqiba evenkileni phantse akunakwenzeka kwisiza. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kukhuseleko xa usenza umsebenzi okwisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimfuno zokhuseleko ziyafezekiswa. Ukongeza, uvavanyo loxinzelelo kunye ne-PWHT kunokuba ngumngeni kakhulu kule ndawo. Inqaku 5.2 le-ASME PCC-2 lichaza utshintsho olungafuneki ngokuqhelekileyo uvavanyo loxinzelelo; ikwachaza nokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezithile ze-NDE endaweni yovavanyo loxinzelelo. Ngokufanayo, i-NB-23, iSigaba 3, iCandelo 16. 4.4.1 Kuxoxwe ngovavanyo loxinzelelo kunye nezinye iindlela ze-NDE kwiinqanawa zoxinzelelo.
Nangona i-NB-23 ivumela abahloli ukuba bayeke uvavanyo loxinzelelo kwizinto ezintsha okanye eziphuculweyo zokubamba uxinzelelo, ndiyakholelwa ukuba uninzi lwabahloli bangathanda ukuvavanya amacandelo achaphazelekayo xa kunokwenzeka. Oku kunokuba nzima entsimini.
Nangona kunjalo, inyani ebalulekileyo engenakuhoywa kukuba amacandelo kufuneka avavanywe nge-hydrostatically, oko akuthethi ukuba yonke into kufuneka iphinde ihlolwe kwakhona. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-nozzle entsha yongezwa kwi-container, kuphela i-nozzle kunye ne-welding seam ye-nozzle kwi-shell kufuneka ihlolwe. Kusenokubakho indlela elula yokuphumeza oku. Ukuba inkcazo yoyilo ivumela, i-nozzle (ngokukodwa ukudibanisa) inokufakwa njenge-nozzle yohlobo "lofakelo". Umbhobho okwi-fixed okanye kwi-boss ngokwenene ngumlomo ogxininiswe ngaphandle kwendlu kwaye udityaniswe kwindawo. Kule sicelo, kunokwenzeka ukufaka kunye nokuvavanya ngaphambi kokusika umngxuma kwizindlu. Kwezinye iimeko, uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwendlu lunokufuneka ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe umlomo wofakelo. Kwimibhobho emikhulu, kunokwenzeka ukugubungela umbhobho ngentloko yesikhashana, evumela ukuvavanya i-welding ye-nozzle kwindlu ngaphandle kokuvavanya isitya sonke (Umfanekiso 7). Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, zombini iindlela kufuneka zivunywe ngumhloli kunye nomhloli wenkundla. Emva kokuvavanya i-nozzle, nqumla umngxuma okanye ususe intloko yesikhashana, uhlambulule indawo, kwaye wenze zonke i-NDE eziyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlu ayichaphazeleki.
Ngokufanayo, xa unyanzelwa ukuba udibanise kwisikhongozeli ebesiyi-PWHT, uya kujongana neminye imingeni. I-PWHT yesingxobo inokuba nzima kakhulu kwisiza. Kudla ngokuba luncedo ukufumana indawo ye-PWHT epheleleyo xa kufuneka kuhlengahlengiso lwangaphandle. NB-23, Icandelo 3, Icandelo. 2.5.3 kunye ne-ASME PCC-2 Inqaku lesi-2.9 omabini aphakamisa iindlela ezizezinye zokunyanga ubushushu obusemva kwe-weld kwiinqanawa ezilungisiweyo. Ezi ndlela ziquka iindlela zokuwelda ezinokuthi zidibanise isitya ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakubi umjikelo wokuqala we-PWHT. Ukongezelela, xa indlela ye-welding ekhethekileyo ingamkelekanga, inxalenye ye-PWHT inokwenziwa. Xa kuyimfuneko, konke oku kuxhomekeke kwimvume yomhloli kunye nomhloli wenkundla.
Uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic kunye nonyango lobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo alunakwenzeka kulo mmandla, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kungonakalisa isikhongozeli, imibhobho enxulumeneyo okanye izixhaso kunye nezakhiwo ezijikelezileyo. Kwezi zicelo, uMhloli kufuneka avunyelwe ukuba abeke iliso kwinguqu kwangethuba kwisigaba socwangciso.
Enye indawo enokuthi ibonakale ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kwe-separator kukuguqulwa kwemibhobho yokungena okanye yokuphuma kwe-separator. Ngamanye amaxesha imibhobho ifuna ukutshintshwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo zokusebenza zomahluli ziyafezekiswa. Utshintsho kumbhobho lugqithise iimfuno ze-NBIC. Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho kufuneka ubuncinane luhlangabezane neemfuno zenguqu yekhowudi yokwakha eyakhiwe ngamacandelo okuqala. [Bona i-NB-23, iCandelo 3, iCandelo. 1.2.6].
Nangona kungekho ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le nqaku, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona i-NB-23 ingasebenzi ngaphezu koku ngasentla, ezinye iikhowudi nazo zingasebenza, njenge-API 570 okanye ezinye iikhowudi ezifanayo. Iinjineli kufuneka ziqwalasele ngononophelo utshintsho kwimibhobho kunye nezincedisi zenqanawa, njengoko olu tshintsho lwangaphandle lunokuchaphazela imithwalo yemibhobho yeenqanawa. Impembelelo yotshintsho kumthwalo womlomo kuyilo lomatshini lwesingxobo kufuneka ivavanywe.
Umhloli ubandakanya phantse zonke iintlobo zohlengahlengiso lomhluli. Banendima ebalulekileyo ekugqibeni ngento enokwenziwa nengenakukwenziwa. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kuchazwa into engasetyenziselwa ukulungiswa rhoqo, ukunyathela kunye nokuhlolwa kunokuphetshwa, xa i-NDE ingasetyenziselwa endaweni yokunkcenkceshela kwakhona, kwaye xa ezinye iindlela ze-welding zinokusetyenziswa endaweni yokubuyisela kwakhona. I-PWHT, njl.njl. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubandakanya abahloli kumanqanaba okuqala olungiso oluninzi.
Kwezinye iimeko, abahloli benkundla kufuneka batshintshwe. E-Texas, akukho mithetho yomthetho esebenzayo xa ufaka abahluli, kodwa oku akunjalo kuyo yonke indawo. Ukongeza kwiikhowudi zoyilo ezisebenzayo kunye neemfuno ze-NBIC, amazwe athile e-United States kunye namaphondo aseKhanada anezinye iimfuno. Oku kuyinyaniso nakwezinye iindawo zamazwe ngamazwe. Kwezo meko, ukubandakanyeka kwabahloli benkundla kuya kufuneka.
Kufakelo olungaphandle konxweme, imeko inokubhideka kancinci. Ukuba umahluli ungaphakathi kumanzi karhulumente (ngokuqhelekileyo ukwandisa iimayile ezi-3 zolwandle ukusuka kumphakamo wamanzi aphantsi onxweme, kodwa eTexas nasentshona Florida, umgama ziimanyano zaselwandle ezi-3 okanye iimayile eziyi-8.7 ze-nautical), ngoko urhulumente unegunya. Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye lamazwe amaninzi e-United States (iCalifornia ihlukile), urhulumente uphantsi kokuhlolwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwee-arhente ezilawulayo zomdibaniso. Kumanzi ommandla wase-US (iikhilomitha ezili-12 ze-nautical ukusuka kuphawu lwamanzi aphantsi), uxanduva lokuhlola kunye nokunyanzeliswa luxhomekeke kwiziphathamandla zase-US. Ngaphandle komda wengingqi, kodwa ngaphakathi koMmandla woQoqosho oKhethekileyo (EEZ) (usuka kumda wengingqi ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-200 zolwandle ngaphaya kophawu olusezantsi lwamanzi), uxanduva lukwilizwe/ummandla ovumela ukusetyenziswa kweziko. Igunya lombuso elijongene noxinzelelo lwemikhumbi kwiiplatifomu ezingaphandle kwe-offshore libonakala liyi-Arhente yase-US yoKhuseleko kunye nokuNyanzeliswa kweNdawo, kwaye i-US Coast Guard ingaba negunya kwezinye iimeko.
Ingcamango eqhelekileyo ekujonganeni nenkundla yeyokuba abanini besatifikethi kunye nabahloli banokucebisa ngamanyathelo amele athathwe kunye nabasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kuzo zonke iiprojekthi zokulungiswa kwezahlukanisi.
Abanye abanini/abasebenzisi baye benza ezinye izicelo. Nangona kwizicelo ezininzi, ezi zigutyungelwe yimigaqo yenkampani, kukho ezinye iimfuno ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe xa urhulumente wase-US engumnini, njenge-10 CFR 851, iNkqubo yoKhuseleko lwaBasebenzi kunye neMpilo, iCandelo 851 iSihlomelo A seCandelo 4. . Ngokunjalo, ukuba kufanelekile, abanini satifikethi basenokuba bayazazi ezi mfuno.
Ukhuseleko yeyona nto iphambili kuyo yonke imisebenzi, ngakumbi ukulungiswa kwezahluli. Umahluli osetyenziswayo unokuzaliswa ngeentsalela ezivela kwinkqubo. Kule meko, akuyimfuneko kuphela ukuthobela imimiselo yokhuseleko lwesayithi, kubandakanywa zonke izixhobo zokukhusela zomntu ezifanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo yokusebenza, kodwa nokucoca ngokucokisekileyo inqanawa ngaphambi kokwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi yokuguqula. Enye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kukulahla ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo inkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma eyahlulwe kumatshini ohlaziyiweyo.
Umzobo 8 ngumzekelo wesahlukanisi esiqhelekileyo ekuqaleni kweprojekthi yokubuyisela. Ukuba i-welding iyadingeka, kungekhona kuphela izahlulo ezifuna ukucocwa ukubonelela indawo ekhuselekileyo kubasebenzi, kodwa kunye nomphezulu kufuneka uhlambuluke kwi-welding.
Ukongezelela, xa kuqikelelwa ixesha leprojekthi yokulungiswa, ezinye izinto zesibini zinokungahoywa. Musa ukulibala ukucoca izahlulo ngaphambi komsebenzi; zimise izikafula ngaphakathi kwenqanawa; ixesha elomileyo / lokunyanga ipeyinti yangaphakathi; susa i-scaffolding; coca izahlulo emva kokugqiba umsebenzi. Xa usenza ishedyuli yeprojekthi, le misebenzi kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo zihlala zingahoywa, ezikhokelela ekulibazisekeni okungalindelekanga kunye neendleko. Ngamafutshane, eyona ndlela ilula yokuphumeza isicwangciso se-retrofit ngeengxaki ezincinci okanye ezingenazo iingxaki kukucwangcisa kakuhle, umeme abanini besatifikethi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kunye nabahloli kwangethuba kwinkqubo, kunye nokuphuhlisa ngokudibeneyo isicwangciso sokufezekisa injongo yenkqubo enempembelelo encinci kwinqanawa. ubhaliso.
Inguqu. Utshintsho kwizinto ezichazwe kwingxelo yedatha yomenzi wokuqala luya kuchaphazela ukunyamezela koxinzelelo lwento yokugcina uxinzelelo. (Jonga i-NB-23 iSigaba 3, iCandelo 3.4.3, utshintsho lomzekelo) Utshintsho olungelona lomzimba, olufana nokunyuka koxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo (ngaphakathi okanye lwangaphandle), ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa loyilo okanye ukuncipha koxinzelelo oluncinci lwezinto zokugcina ukushisa kufuneka. kuthathelwa ingqalelo Utshintsho.
b) Iqumrhu elivunyiweyo yi-arhente yokuhlola egunyazisiweyo ukuba lenze imisebenzi yokuhlola esemsebenzini evunywe yintlanganiso yeKomiti yeSizwe ye-NB-369; I-NB-371, isiqinisekiso sombutho wokuhlola umnini-msebenzisi (OUIO); okanye NB-390, iqumrhu elenza imisebenzi yokuhlola kwinkonzo Iziqinisekiso kunye noxanduva lwe-Federal Inspection Agency (FIA).
Umnikazi wesatifikethi. Umbutho onesiqinisekiso sogunyaziso “R” esisemthethweni esikhutshwe yiKomiti yeSizwe.
intsimi. Indawo yethutyana phantsi kolawulo lomnini wesatifikethi, esetyenziselwa ukulungisa kunye/okanye ukutshintsha izinto zokubamba uxinzelelo, kwaye idilesi yayo yahlukile kwidilesi eboniswe kwisiqinisekiso sogunyaziso somnini wesatifikethi.
uviwo. Inkqubo yophononongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lobunjineli, izixhobo, ukudibanisa, ukuhlolwa kunye neemfuno zovavanyo ziyahlangatyezwa kwaye zihambelana neenkcukacha.
ulawulo. Iziko likarhulumente elinegunya lokutolika kunye nokunyanzelisa imithetho, imimiselo okanye imimiselo enxulumene nezibilisi, iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, okanye amanye amanqaku agcina uxinzelelo. Iquka amagunya amalungu ekomiti yesizwe achazwa “njengamagunya”.
Inkundla. ILungu leKomiti yeSizwe njengoko ichazwa nguMgaqo-siseko weKomiti yeSizwe.
Umhloli wenkundla. Abahloli abaqinisekisiweyo yijaji ukuze baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zawo onke amagunya.
Icwecwe legama. Ipleyiti yokuchonga efakwe kwisikhongozeli. Oku kunokubandakanya iipleyiti zoyilo lwentsusa, ukulungiswa, ukukala kwakhona okanye ukulungiswa kwamagama “R” amagama.
NBIC. Imigaqo yokuhlolwa kweKomiti yeSizwe ekhutshwe yiKomiti yeSizwe yabahloli beBoiler kunye noxinzelelo lweziThuthi.
Umnini/umsebenzisi. Oonobumba abancinci babhekisa kuye nawuphi na umntu, inkampani okanye umntu osemthethweni onoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwalo naliphi na inqaku elinoxinzelelo.
ukulungisa. Umsebenzi ofunekayo ukubuyisela inqaku lokubamba uxinzelelo kwindawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo neyanelisayo.
ivenkile. Indawo esisigxina, oko kukuthi, idilesi eboniswe kwisatifikethi sokugunyazwa, apho umnini wesatifikethi unokulawula ukulungiswa kunye / okanye ukuguqulwa kwamanqaku okubamba uxinzelelo.
Umbhali uthanda ukubulela uRuss Scinta, injineli eyintloko yeeNkonzo zeNkqubo yeSchultz, kunye noKeith Gilmore, umhloli ogunyazisiweyo weTÜVRheinland, ngoncedo lwabo oluxabisekileyo kweli nqaku.
Ndiyabulela kumagosa akhoyo ngoku kunye nangaphambili kunye nabalawuli beCandelo leTekhnoloji yoLwahlulo ngegalelo labo. Uluhlu lwamalungu angoku lunokufumaneka apha.
UJay Stell nguSekela Mongameli wezobuNjineli kwiSchultz Process Services, Inc. (SPS). Unesidanga se-bachelor kunye ne-master degree kubunjineli boomatshini kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas e-Arlington, kunye ne-PhD kubunjineli bomatshini kwiYunivesithi yasePurdue. UStell ubekwishishini lokwahlula ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1990, eBurgess-Manning, Peerless Mfg. Co kunye ne-SPS baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-25 yamava. Uninzi lomsebenzi wakhe uchithe kuphuhliso lwemveliso, uyilo lokwahlula, ilabhoratri kunye novavanyo lwasendle, kunye nokulungisa iingxaki. Ungaqhagamshelana naye jay@spshouston.com.
"I-Petroleum Technology Magazine" yimagazini ye-flagship yoMbutho weeNjineli zePetroleum. Izisa ii-abstracts ezigunyazisiweyo kunye nezihloko ezinxulumene nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe ekuhloleni nasekuveliseni, imiba ye-oyile kunye negesi yeshishini, kunye neendaba ze-SPE kunye namalungu ayo.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlZb51R-ka4