Kukhathamiritsa ndi kukulitsa chuma cha orbital welding pakumanga mapaipi

Ngakhale ukadaulo wowotcherera wa orbital si wachilendo, ukupitilizabe kusinthika, kukhala wamphamvu komanso wosunthika, makamaka pakuwotcherera chitoliro. Kuyankhulana ndi Tom Hammer, wowotcherera wodziwa bwino ntchito ku Axenics ku Middleton, Massachusetts, akuwulula njira zambiri zomwe njira imeneyi ingagwiritsire ntchito kuthetsa mavuto ovuta kuwotcherera. Chithunzi mwachilolezo cha Axenics
Kuwotcherera kwa Orbital kwakhalako kwa zaka pafupifupi 60, ndikuwonjezera makina panjira ya GMAW. Ndi njira yodalirika komanso yothandiza yopangira ma welds angapo, ngakhale ma OEM ndi opanga ena sanagwiritsepo ntchito luso la ma orbital welder, kudalira kuwotcherera pamanja kapena njira zina zolumikizira mapaipi achitsulo.
Mfundo za kuwotcherera kwa orbital zakhala zikuchitika kwazaka zambiri, koma kuthekera kwa ma welder atsopano a orbital kumapangitsa kuti akhale chida champhamvu kwambiri mubokosi la zida za wowotcherera, popeza ambiri aiwo tsopano ali ndi zinthu "zanzeru" zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulogalamu ndi kusamalira kukhale kosavuta kusanachitike kuwotcherera kwenikweni. . ● Yambani ndi masinthidwe ofulumira komanso olondola kuti mutsimikizire kuti zowotcherera sizisinthasintha, zoyera komanso zodalirika.
Gulu la Axenics Welding ku Middleton, Massachusetts, lomwe limapanga gawo la mgwirizano, limathandiza makasitomala ake ambiri kuti aziwotcherera m'njira ngati chinthu choyenera ntchitoyo chilipo.
“Kulikonse kumene kunali kotheka, tinkafuna kuthetsa vuto la kuwotcherera kwa munthu, popeza ma welder a orbital nthawi zambiri amatulutsa zowotcherera zabwinoko,” akutero Tom Hammer, wowotcherera woyenerera ku Axenics.
Ngakhale kuwotcherera koyambirira kunachitika zaka 2000 zapitazo, kuwotcherera kwamakono ndi njira yotsogola kwambiri yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira laukadaulo ndi njira zina zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, kuwotcherera kwa orbital kungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zowotcha za semiconductor, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi zamagetsi zonse masiku ano.
M'modzi mwamakasitomala a Axenics ndi gawo lazinthu izi. Kampaniyo inali kufunafuna wopanga mgwirizano kuti athandizire kukulitsa mphamvu zake zopangira, makamaka kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa njira zoyera zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimalola kuti mpweya uziyenda popanga mbale.
Ngakhale ma welder a orbital ndi torch clamp turntables amapezeka pantchito zambiri zamapaipi ku Axenics, samaletsa kuwotcherera pamanja nthawi ndi nthawi.
Hammer ndi gulu lowotchera adawunikiranso zomwe kasitomala amafuna ndikufunsa mtengo ndi nthawi:
Hammer amagwiritsa ntchito Swagelok M200 ndi Arc Machines Model 207A zowotcherera zozungulira zozungulira. Amatha kugwira machubu kuyambira 1/16 ″ mpaka 4 ″.
"Microheads imatilola kulowa m'malo ovuta kufikako," adatero. "Chimodzi mwazolepheretsa kuwotcherera kwa orbital ndikuti tili ndi mutu woyenera kapena ayi. Koma lero, mutha kukulunganso unyolo kuzungulira chitoliro chomwe mukuwotcherera. Owotcherera amatha kuyenda ndi unyolo ndipo palibe malire pakukula kwa ma welds omwe mungathe kuchita. Ndawona makina angapo akuwotcherera mapaipi 20 ″. Zimene makinawa angachite masiku ano n’zochititsa chidwi.”
Poganizira zofunikira zaukhondo, kuchuluka kwa ma welds ofunikira komanso makulidwe otsika a khoma, kuwotcherera kwa orbital ndikosankha koyenera kwa polojekiti yamtunduwu. Akamagwira ntchito ndi mapaipi owongolera mpweya, Hammer nthawi zambiri amawotchera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L.
“Ndiye zinthu zimawonda kwambiri. Tikukamba za kuwotcherera zitsulo zopyapyala. Ndi kuwotcherera pamanja, kusintha pang'ono kungapangitse weld kusweka. Ndicho chifukwa chake timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mitu yowotcherera ya orbital, momwe tingabowole gawo lililonse la chubu la weld ndikulipanga kukhala langwiro, tisanayike gawolo. izo zidzakhala zangwiro. Pamanja, kusinthaku kumachitika ndi diso, ndipo ngati tipalasa kwambiri, zitha kudutsa muzinthuzo. ”
Ntchitoyi imakhala ndi ma welds mazana ambiri omwe ayenera kukhala ofanana. Wowotchera wa orbital wogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyi amamaliza kuwotcherera kwa mphindi zitatu; pamene Hammer ikuyenda pa liwiro lalikulu, imatha kuwotcherera chitoliro chomwecho chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pafupifupi mphindi imodzi.
“Komabe, galimotoyo sichedwa. Mumathamanga kwambiri m'mawa kwambiri ndipo pofika tsiku limakhala likuthamanga kwambiri," adatero Hammer. Poyamba ndimathamanga kwambiri m'mawa, koma pamapeto pake sizimatero.
Kupewa zowonongeka kuti zilowe muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake kusungunula kwapamwamba kwambiri m'mafakitale a semiconductor nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'chipinda choyera, choyendetsedwa bwino chomwe chimalepheretsa zonyansa kulowa m'dera la soldering.
Hammer amagwiritsa ntchito tungsten yemweyo wakuthwa kale mu tochi zake monga Orbiter. Ngakhale argon yoyera imapereka kuyeretsa kwakunja ndi mkati kwa kuwotcherera pamanja ndi orbital, kuwotcherera kwa orbital kumapindulanso chifukwa chochitidwa m'malo ochepa. Tungsten ikatulutsidwa, sheath imadzaza ndi mpweya ndikuteteza weld ku okosijeni. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito tochi yamanja, gasi amaperekedwa mbali imodzi yokha ya chitoliro kuti iwotchedwe.
Zowotcherera za orbital nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera chifukwa mpweya umakwirira chitoliro nthawi yayitali. Kuwotcherera kukayamba, argon amapereka chitetezo mpaka wowotcherayo akhutitsidwa kuti kuwotcherera kwazizira mokwanira.
Axenics amagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala angapo amphamvu omwe amapanga ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ma forklift ena a m'nyumba amagwiritsa ntchito ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni kuletsa kuti zinthu zopangidwa ndi mankhwala zisawononge chakudya. Chinthu chokhacho chopangidwa ndi hydrogen fuel cell ndi madzi.
Mmodzi mwa makasitomala anali ndi zofunikira zomwezo monga wopanga semiconductor, monga ukhondo wa weld ndi kufanana. Akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 321 powotcherera khoma. Komabe, ntchitoyo inali yomanga kanjira kambiri kokhala ndi mavavu angapo, iliyonse yotulukira mbali ina, kusiya malo ochepa owotcherera.
Wowotchera wa orbital woyenerera ntchitoyi adzagula pafupifupi $2,000 ndipo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magawo ochepa, ndipo mtengo wake ndi $250. Sizikupanga nzeru zachuma. Komabe, Hammer ili ndi yankho lomwe limaphatikiza kuwotcherera pamanja ndi orbital.
"Panthawiyi, ndimagwiritsa ntchito chosinthira," akutero Hammer. “Ndizofanana kwenikweni ndi kuwotcherera kwa orbital, koma mumatembenuza chubu, osati ma elekitirodi a tungsten kuzungulira chubu. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito tochi yanga ya m'manja, koma ndimatha kuyiyika pa vise pamalo oyenera kuti manja anga asamangidwe…alibe, kuti manja amunthu asawononge kuwotcherera chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka. Izi zimachotsa zolakwika zambiri zamunthu. Sizoyenera, ngati kuwotcherera kwa orbital chifukwa sikuli m'nyumba, koma kuwotcherera kwamtunduwu kumatha kuchitika m'chipinda chaukhondo kuti muchotse zowononga. ”
Ngakhale ukadaulo wowotcherera wa orbital umatsimikizira ukhondo komanso kubwerezabwereza, Hammer ndi ma welder anzake amadziwa kuti kukhulupirika ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kutsika chifukwa cha zolakwika zowotcherera. Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kosawononga (ND) ndipo nthawi zina kuyesa kowononga kwa ma weld onse a orbital.
"Kuwotcherera kulikonse komwe timapanga kumatsimikiziridwa," akutero Hammer. Pambuyo pake, zowotcherera zimawunikiridwa ndi helium spectrometer. Kutengera zomwe makasitomala amafuna, ma welds ena amawunikidwa ndi radiography. Kuyesa kowononga ndikothekanso. ”
Kuyesa kowononga kungaphatikizepo kuyesa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kuti muwone mphamvu yomaliza ya weld. Kuti muyese kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe weld pa zinthu monga 316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kupirira zisanachitike, mayesowo amatambasula ndikutambasula zitsulo mpaka pakusweka.
Njira zina zowotcherera ogula nthawi zina zimayesedwa ndi akupanga osawononga pakuyezetsa pa ma welds a patatu kutentha exchanger hydrogen mafuta cell zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina ena amagetsi ndi magalimoto.
“Ichi ndi mayeso ovuta chifukwa zinthu zambiri zomwe timatumiza zimakhala ndi mpweya wowopsa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa ife ndi makasitomala athu kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikhale chopanda cholakwika komanso sichidumpha,” akutero Hammer.
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